Serum lipoproteins and hemostatic function in intermittent claudication.

Normoglucemic men with intermittent claudication (n = 41), mean age of 63 years, and sex-, age-, body mass index-, and smoking habit-matched controls (n = 75) were compared for plasma lipoprotein and hemostatic variables. The patients had significantly lower levels of large high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles (HDL2b, HDL2a, and HDL3a) and elevated lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] concentrations than the control subjects. Of the hemostatic variables, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), plasma antiplasmin, plasma fibrinogen, and urine beta-thromboglobulin concentrations were significantly elevated in patients. In intermittent claudication patients Lp(a) correlated significantly with activation of the coagulation system, ie, with the levels of plasma fibrinogen and urine fibrinopeptide A. No correlations between the values for Lp(a) and PAI-1 or plasma alpha 2-antiplasmin were seen. The PAI-1 activity showed significant univariate correlations to the levels of HDL3b, HDL2b (inverse), and very-low-density lipoprotein triglycerides, of which the positive correlation to HDL3b persisted in multivariate analysis (r = .48, P < .001). Independent characteristics for intermittent claudication estimated by multiple regression analysis were PAI-1, plasma fibrinogen, and HDL3a, with a combined R2 of .36. The intermittent claudication subgroup that was being treated with beta-blockers/thiazides had a higher frequency of coronary heart disease compared with the other patients. In addition, the patients taking beta-blockers/thiazides had elevated triglyceride concentrations, lower HDL cholesterol with a size shift toward smaller particles, and a tendency toward raised PAI-1 and plasma alpha 2-antiplasmin levels compared with the patient group that did not take these medications.